Francis Newton Souza

Francis Newton Souza was born in 1924 in the Portuguese colony of Goa, India. As a child, he moved with his mother from Goa to Bombay, where he grew up in a Catholic environment and attended a school run by Jesuit priests, where he encountered the religious iconography that would become a significant part of his artistic vocabulary. Souza was rebellious as a young man and was expelled from school at the age of 15 when he was caught drawing pornographic images in the school's toilets. Later, he enrolled at the J.J School of Art in Bombay but was also suspended there when he and 21 other students joined Gandhi's "Quit India Movement." After these setbacks, Souza chose not to return to his art studies but continued to explore his artistic path independently.
In 1947, Souza, along with other avant-garde artists, founded the Progressive Artists Group (PAG). The group aimed to combine India's classical culture with innovative Western techniques and styles in their creations. The group played a crucial role in the development of modern art in India. In 1949, Souza left India for London in hopes of encountering a more liberal art audience. However, post-war London was not what he had hoped for, and Souza's first years there were difficult. A few years later, in 1955, things turned around, and Souza exhibited three works at the newly opened Institute of Contemporary Arts alongside artists like Francis Bacon and Henry Moore. That same year, he also had his first solo exhibition at Victor Musgrave's Gallery One. The exhibition was a great success for Souza, establishing him as one of the most interesting artists on the London art scene.
Souza was often provocative and controversial in his choice of subjects, exploring themes such as eroticism, religion (especially Catholicism), and the dichotomy of good and evil. Throughout his long career, he experimented with a range of styles and expressions, but he is most appreciated for his powerful, figurative paintings characterized by bold black lines. Souza's intense and emotional portraits capture the essence of the subject in a raw and unfiltered manner that leaves few viewers untouched. His portraits are not merely representations of physical likeness but rather expressions of inner emotions and psychological states. By using exaggerated features and intense brushstrokes, Souza could convey a sense of intensity and depth in his portraits, creating a connection between the viewer and the subject. His portraits often revealed the inner turmoil and complexity of the human experience, making them both captivating and thought-provoking. Overall, Souza's portraits are a testament to his artistic vision and his ability to capture the essence of his subjects in a truly impactful way. Souza's works executed in the late 1950s is widely considered the pinnacle of his career, as it was when he was most driven and had the opportunity to produce works on a larger scale. Throughout his life, Souza became one of India's most influential modern artists.