August Strindberg

On verso landscape study as well as inscribed: "N:o 9" / "Property of K A Warenberg Malmö".

In the Swedish National Gallery exhibition catalogue "Strindberg –Målaren och fotografen" (9 February – 13 May 2001) [see also english version of the catalogue; "Strindberg –Painter and photographer", Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2001] Per Hedström gives the following picture of Strindbergs painting during the 1890’s:

"For Strindberg the 1890s were characterized by the so-called Inferno Crisis, which came to a head in Paris in 1896. For almost seven years he was unproductive as a creative writer. Instead he devoted himself to scientific experiments, and from time to time would paint. Now his painting suddenly becomes rather more than an amateur’s careful attempts to copy nature. The first reviews of Strindberg’s paintings appeared in the summer of 1892. He had just exhibited a small number of new works at a venue in Stockholm known as Birger Jarls Bazar, and the event attracted the attention of several newspapers. Some of the reactions were cautiously positive, but one could also come across the kind of ironically teasing review that has often plagued modern art".

The present work belongs to the group of a few works which were exhibited on this specific occasion. A reviewer writing in "Från Birger Jarls stad" ("From the City of Birger Jarl") suspected that Strindberg’s exhibition was a practical joke on the general public:

"In most cases it was very difficult to work out what the paintings were supposed to represent:
Whether ‘Snötjocka på hafvet’ (‘Blizzard’) is supposed to depict a dirty sheet hanging out to dry, or is an attempt to find a new way of painting barn doors, is impossible to say, just as one wonders whether ‘Packis’ (‘Ice Boulders’) is supposed to be a plate of bread and margarine or a dish of grilled veal trotters in brain sauce".

The critic also said:

"Regarding the 7 or 8 ’paintings’ that August Strindberg has amused himself by exhibiting at Birger Jarls bazar and that The Daily News has hastily written about as being poetic and with technical talent executed seascapes. I’m inclined to think that the rascal Strindberg, when he placed these little ’studies’ in broad gilt picture frames and sent them to the exhibition as ’paintings’ only wanted to play a little joke on the public and test the limits of the public understanding of art".

Such remarks ought to have both angered and hurt Strindberg who before the opening of the exhibition wrote the following in a letter from Dalarö to Sven August Peterson (lithographer and father of artist Hugo Birger):

"If any buyer for some unfortunate reason should happen to turn up, they are kindly asked to let the pictures in question remain in the exhibition! For the time being! You see, if the best pieces are removed and the critics are left to review the dregs, it would be unfair. Perhaps Kjerrman at D.N. [Daily News] would be able to have a look! Telephone him svp. With hopes for a great succés. Your ’old’ friend August Strindberg".

In "Strindbergs måleri" ("The Paintings by Strindberg") from 1972 Torsten Måtte Schmidt writes:

"Painting became to Strindberg something of a therapeutical pastime during the heartbreaking
divorce, but also Strindberg has made it clear that it was financial strain that forced him in to painting
in order to ’at all costs make money’ and that the exhibition was a deliberate move in that direction.
In a letter to Ola Hansson 13 September he also writes that he has been painting ’in order to sustain
life’ ".

As early as in May 1892 Strindberg wrote to Richard Bergh [fellow artist and later director of the
National Gallery of Art in Stockholm] to invite him out to Dalarö over Whitsun:

"I have a few studies, done after my imagination, that I would like to show you. A new ’-ism’ which I,
myself, have invented and would like to refer to as ’skogssnufvismen’ ’wood-nymphism’".

Per Hedström, once again, writes in the exhibition catalogue from the National Gallery of Art in Stockholm:

"The paintings displayed at the exhibition had been created while Strindberg was staying at Dalarö,
south of Stockholm, in the spring and summer of 1892. Strindberg had been having trouble getting
his plays produced, and his divorce from Siri von Essen was about to be finalized. For the first time in
nearly twenty years, he started painting in oils again. […] The 1892 paintings from Dalarö can be best
characterized as images derived from Strindberg’s memories of the outer archipelago and the open
sea. He was now refining and developing the range of motifs he had created during the 1870s; the
pictures are dominated by the open sea, the level horizon and extensive skies".

The leading expert on Strindberg as a painter and artist, Göran Söderström deepens the picture or
background in "Strindbergs måleri", 1972:

"After 25 June Strindberg was isolated at Dalarö udde, absorbed in an ever deepening sense or state of
hopelessnes. Possibly it is now that he creates a series of paintings executed on whatever material
happened to be at hand, particularly rectangular zinc plates, originally parts of a galvanic
element that Strindberg used for his scientific experiments. It was, however, another member of the
artist’s colony at Dalarö who succeeded in dragging Strindberg out of his state of despair and rub of
some of his own self-esteem and optimism: Per Hasselberg, the independent and self-asserted
sculptor, that Strindberg had met and taken a liking to in Paris. Hasselberg seems to have identified
and appreciated the novelty and originality in Strindbergs painting and encouraged him to go on.
Strindberg writes about Hasselberg in a letter to Carl Larsson 1894: ’He was my last and best friend in
Sweden and the only one who kept my spirits up, when the others trampled on or spat at me’.
Probably Hasselberg also helped Strindberg to acquire artist’s material from Stockholm. Only two
paintings on canvas remain from 1892; the reason why Strindberg prefered paper-panel or zinc is
with all certainty that the hard surface was more appropriate for his more and more advanced
technique with a palette knife".

The art public of today probably holds Strindberg’s paintings a lot higher than did his own
contemporary critics. The last word, however, is given to the artist himself who in a letter to Per
Hasselberg from Dalarö in September 1892 wrote:

"I shall not deny this blossoming of my youth’s first love: science which seemed to me like an autumnal
flower which had to bloom before the winter as well as the older flame; painting had to be reignited
before I died. […] Why is there not so much sense in this world that humans will allow artists
to work according to their own senses and not theirs".